A colitis diagnosis can leave a person scared, confused, and uncertain about the future. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease of the large intestine. Colitis can occur at any age, although most patients get a diagnosis in their mid-30s. No one knows what causes the condition, but it appears that genetics is a factor. Colitis can affect people of all ethnicities, but it's common among Caucasians.
Patients usually have questions about the severity of colitis and its prognosis. There's no cure for colitis, and it can be challenging to predict how and when symptoms might emerge. However, most individuals with colitis can have fulfilling and productive lives. With enough information, patients can better understand the nature of colitis, its symptoms, and how to manage it.
Signs and Symptoms of Colitis
Colitis causes the intestinal lining to be inflamed, leaving small and large sores or ulcers. Inflammation starts in the rectum and makes its way up the colon. The intestines have difficulty absorbing water from waste passing through the colon. The damaged lining creates more mucus in the stool and loosens it, causing diarrhea. There might also be bloody stool from the ulcers. When too much blood is lost through bowel movements, the result is anemia, which is a low red blood cell count.
Besides diarrhea, bloody stool, and anemia, colitis patients often experience abdominal pain and cramps, which sometimes occur on the left side. Bowel urgency is another symptom. These indications can cause loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue. Colitis is especially problematic for children because it can prevent them from growing or developing physically.
Managing Colitis
Treatment mainly involves reaching and sustaining remission, which is a long period without symptoms or flare-ups. If remission isn’t possible, patients can take measures to reduce the severity of their symptoms. There is no single treatment plan that fits all colitis patients; each individual must have a program that suits their needs.
Diet is one way to manage colitis. A physician might recommend a diet low in salt and fiber or suggest that lactose-intolerant patients not consume dairy. Sufferers should also limit their intake of fried foods, carbonated drinks, and coffee, which can cause gas and diarrhea. Eating smaller meals more frequently also alleviates symptoms. Individuals who experience weight loss should make sure they consume enough calories throughout the day.
Diet alone often isn't enough to curb colitis symptoms. Some patients receive medication through pills, injections, or intravenous treatment, which can decrease flare-ups, prevent complications, and help some patients stay in remission. Medicine also can be delivered rectally through creams, ointments, or enemas. Patients who respond well to medication or diet might never need surgery. However, about one-third of colitis patients do require surgery to treat their symptoms.
Chronic conditions like colitis can increase the risk for depression. Patients might benefit from seeing a mental health professional, especially one who is knowledgeable about intestinal diseases. Sufferers should also consider talking to friends and family, who can learn more about the condition and provide support.
It’s essential for colitis patients to keep up with their maintenance plans and seek professional and social support when necessary. In addition to a gastroenterologist, a primary care physician can help patients manage other health issues in tandem with their colitis treatment. With proper care and regular maintenance, most colitis patients can reduce their confusion and fear and live full, high-quality lives.