Sinus infections affect tens of millions of people worldwide every year. Known medically as 'rhinosinusitis,' they arise when an individual's nasal cavities become inflamed or swollen. The symptoms of sinus infections are wide and varied depending on the individual, though commonly include a runny or stuffy nose, pain of the face, headaches, a cough, sore throat and mucus dripping in the throat. Because these symptoms are often also experienced during the common cold, many individuals mistake them for one another. The difference between the two is that sinus infections commonly originate from bacterial infections, whereas colds are caused by viral infections. Fortunately, there are plenty of treatments available for sinus infections, including over-the-counter medication, nasal sprays and getting enough rest. The best treatment will vary from person to person.
Causes of Sinus Infections
As mentioned previously, sinus infections are commonly caused by bacterial infections, but may also derive from the following:
- Allergies
- Lack of humidity
- Polyps (or growths in the nasal passageways)
- A deviated septum
- A weak immune system
Additionally, sinus infections can develop from a common cold if the cold persists for a lengthy period. Children are at a high risk of developing a sinus infection if they spend time in daycares, as germs spread easily there. Sinus infections are contagious if their cause was a viral infection. Moreover, adults who smoke are more prone to sinus infections due to the damage sinus linings take from the harmful chemicals obtained while smoking. In addition, smoking lowers the strength of an individual's immune system, making smokers more prone to infections.
Chronic Sinus Infections
There are two types of sinus infections. One is an acute sinus infection that can last up to 4 weeks maximum. The other is chronic sinus infections, which can last anywhere from several months to several years. Chronic sinus infections are more difficult to treat and often cause more severe symptoms for the sufferer. Similar symptoms of acute and chronic sinus infections may include congestion and mucus discharge. In contrast, chronic infections can also cause loss of sense of smell or taste, as well as increased facial pressure around the eyes, nose or head. The cause of chronic sinus infections is much more varied than acute ones, making them harder to track down and treat. Treatment options that are available include antibiotics, sprays or allergy medications.
Sinus Infection Prevention
The prevention of sinus infections is similar to the prevention of common colds. Individuals should frequently wash their hands, especially during flu season. They should also avoid touching their nose or mouth if they have come into contact with high-contact areas. Additionally, those who suffer from allergies should take allergy medication during the pollen season. Individuals can also benefit from using a humidifier if their home or area has dry heat. Moisture in the air can help keep the nasal passageways clear. Bigger preventative steps include quitting smoking if one smokes and avoiding polluted areas as much as possible. If one does catch a cold, it's important to treat the cold so that it does not develop into a sinus infection. This includes taking the proper medication, drinking fluids, getting enough rest and avoiding activities that could further exacerbate the cold.