Chronic fatigue syndrome, also called myalgic encephalomyelitis, refers to extreme tiredness that happens for six months or more and isn't caused by another medical illness. Also, rest doesn't solve CFS, and it worsens with mental and physical activity.
It has the potential to affect everyone, but women between 40 and 60 years are more susceptible. In addition, white people are more likely to get myalgic encephalomyelitis than other races. CFS causes complications such as depression, inability to work, and social isolation. Many people with ME encounter a continuous cycle of improvement then deteriorating symptoms.
The Department of Health described chronic fatigue syndrome as a debilitating neurological disorder of unknown origin. CFS affects between 17 to 24 million people globally and 2.5 million Americans. The CDC is currently working with medical practitioners, CFS patients, and caregivers to research and advance knowledge worldwide.
One cause of CFS is a genetic predisposition because gene abnormalities in people influence cellular communication, how cells receive energy, and immune function. Viral infections, such as Ross River virus, Lyme disease, and Coxiella burnetii, also trigger ME/CFS as infections damage the immune system, then cause a dormant illness to flare up. People affected with CFS have more antibodies, which suggests the body is fighting infections.
Problems with the immune system can cause chronic fatigue syndrome. People with autoimmune illnesses, including multiple sclerosis, and those with allergies, have immune system irregularities that increase the body's cytokines. Increased cytokines cause CFS symptoms. In addition, hormonal imbalances cause CFS. Abnormal serotonin, cortisol and other hormone levels as well as those produced in the pituitary, hypothalamus, and adrenal glands trigger chronic fatigue syndrome. Another cause is exposure to toxins and harmful chemicals, including heavy metals and pesticides. However, the specific chemicals are unknown.
More causes of ME/CFS include:
There are several signs that a person might be suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome. Some of these include:
Some other potential symptoms include:
Healthcare providers find myalgic encephalomyelitis challenging to diagnose, but they ask questions about family history and current symptoms. They then test blood and urine and perform thorough mental and physical exams.
There is no cure for chronic fatigue syndrome, so treatment options lessen symptoms. One option is cognitive behavioral therapy, where doctors teach patients to redirect their thoughts about fatigue to positivity. Adaptive pacing therapy also manages ME symptoms. It allows the patient to use their limited energy wisely, which gradually increases their activity levels.
Drug therapy is another treatment option. Some medications work to reduce pain. Some lessen insomnia, and others manage depressive symptoms and panic disorders. In addition there are options to help with muscular contractions.
Non-medical treatments include gentle massages, acupuncture, meditation for stress reduction, exercise to improve physical and mental performance, a balanced diet, avoiding energy drinks and alcohol, and taking supplements.
For lightheadedness, doctors recommend increasing salt and daily fluid intake. Professional counseling helps CFS patients to cope with its impact.